Recently, Cardinal Burke stated that, if Pope Francis were to endorse a position on marriage and sexuality that were contrary to the tradition of the. Guy Fawkes Wikipedia. Guy Fawkes 1. 3 April 1. January 1. 60. 6,a also known as Guido Fawkes, the name he adopted while fighting for the Spanish, was a member of a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1. Fawkes was born and educated in York. His father died when Fawkes was eight years old, after which his mother married a recusant Catholic. Fawkes converted to Catholicism and left for the continent, where he fought in the Eighty Years War on the side of Catholic Spain against Protestant Dutch reformers in the Low Countries. He travelled to Spain to seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England without success. He later met Thomas Wintour, with whom he returned to England. Wintour introduced Fawkes to Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate King James I and restore a Catholic monarch to the throne. The plotters leased an undercroft beneath the House of Lords, and Fawkes was placed in charge of the gunpowder they stockpiled there. Prompted by the receipt of an anonymous letter, the authorities searched Westminster Palace during the early hours of 5 November and found Fawkes guarding the explosives. Over the next few days, he was questioned and tortured and eventually confessed. Immediately before his execution on 3. January, Fawkes fell from the scaffold where he was to be hanged and broke his neck, thus avoiding the agony of the mutilation that followed. Fawkes became synonymous with the Gunpowder Plot, the failure of which has been commemorated in Britain since 5 November 1. His effigy is traditionally burned on a bonfire, commonly accompanied by a fireworks display. Early life. Childhood. Fawkes was baptised at the church of St. Michael le Belfrey. Guy Fawkes was born in 1. Stonegate, York. He was the second of four children born to Edward Fawkes, a proctor and an advocate of the consistory court at York,b and his wife, Edith. c Guys parents were regular communicants of the Church of England, as were his paternal grandparents his grandmother, born Ellen Harrington, was the daughter of a prominent merchant, who served as Lord Mayor of York in 1. Guys mothers family were recusant Catholics, and his cousin, Richard Cowling, became a Jesuit priest. 5Guy was an uncommon name in England, but may have been popular in York on account of a local notable, Sir Guy Fairfax of Steeton. 6The date of Fawkess birth is unknown, but he was baptised in the church of St. Michael le Belfrey on 1. April. As the customary gap between birth and baptism was three days, he was probably born about 1. April. 5 In 1. 56. Edith had given birth to a daughter named Anne, but the child died aged about seven weeks, in November that year. She bore two more children after Guy Anne b. Elizabeth b. 1. 57. Both were married, in 1. In 1. 57. 9, when Guy was eight years old, his father died. His mother remarried several years later, to the Catholic Dionis Baynbrigge or Denis Bainbridge of Scotton, Harrogate. Fawkes may have become a Catholic through the Baynbrigge familys recusant tendencies, and also the Catholic branches of the Pulleyn and Percy families of Scotton, but also from his time at St. Peters School in York. A governor of the school had spent about 2. John Pulleyn, came from a family of noted Yorkshire recusants, the Pulleyns of Blubberhouses. In her 1. 91. 5 work The Pulleynes of Yorkshire, author Catharine Pullein suggested that Fawkess Catholic education came from his Harrington relatives, who were known for harbouring priests, one of whom later accompanied Fawkes to Flanders in 1. Fawkess fellow students included John Wright and his brother Christopher both later involved with Fawkes in the Gunpowder Plot and Oswald Tesimond, Edward Oldcorne and Robert Middleton, who became priests the latter executed in 1. After leaving school Fawkes entered the service of Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu. The Viscount took a dislike to Fawkes and after a short time dismissed him he was subsequently employed by Anthony Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu, who succeeded his grandfather at the age of 1. At least one source claims that Fawkes married and had a son, but no known contemporary accounts confirm this. 1. Military career. In October 1. Fawkes sold the estate in Clifton that he had inherited from his father. e He travelled to the continent to fight in the Eighty Years War for Catholic Spain against the new Dutch Republic and, from 1. Peace of Vervins in 1. France. Although England was not by then engaged in land operations against Spain, the two countries were still at war, and the Spanish Armada of 1. He joined Sir William Stanley, an English Catholic and veteran commander in his mid fifties who had raised an army in Ireland to fight in Leicesters expedition to the Netherlands. Stanley had been held in high regard by Elizabeth I, but following his surrender of Deventer to the Spanish in 1. Spain. Fawkes became an alfrez or junior officer, fought well at the siege of Calais in 1. That year, he travelled to Spain to seek support for a Catholic rebellion in England. He used the occasion to adopt the Italian version of his name, Guido, and in his memorandum described James I as a heretic, who intended to have all of the Papist sect driven out of England. He denounced Scotland, and the Kings favourites among the Scottish nobles, writing it will not be possible to reconcile these two nations, as they are, for very long. Although he was received politely, the court of Philip III was unwilling to offer him any support. Gunpowder Plot. A contemporary engraving of eight of the thirteen conspirators, by Crispijn van de Passe. Fawkes is third from the right. In 1. 60. 4 Fawkes became involved with a small group of English Catholics, led by Robert Catesby, who planned to assassinate the Protestant. King James and replace him with his daughter, third in the line of succession, Princess Elizabeth. Fawkes was described by the Jesuit priest and former school friend Oswald Tesimond as pleasant of approach and cheerful of manner, opposed to quarrels and strife . Tesimond also claimed Fawkes was a man highly skilled in matters of war, and that it was this mixture of piety and professionalism which endeared him to his fellow conspirators. 3 The author Antonia Fraser describes Fawkes as a tall, powerfully built man, with thick reddish brown hair, a flowing moustache in the tradition of the time, and a bushy reddish brown beard, and that he was a man of action . The first meeting of the five central conspirators took place on Sunday 2. May 1. 60. 4, at an inn called the Duck and Drake, in the fashionable Strand district of London. f Catesby had already proposed at an earlier meeting with Thomas Wintour and John Wright to kill the King and his government by blowing up the Parliament House with gunpowder. Wintour, who at first objected to the plan, was convinced by Catesby to travel to the continent to seek help. Wintour met with the Constable of Castile, the exiled Welsh spy Hugh Owen, and Sir William Stanley, who said that Catesby would receive no support from Spain. Owen did, however, introduce Wintour to Fawkes, who had by then been away from England for many years, and thus was largely unknown in the country. Wintour and Fawkes were contemporaries each was militant, and had first hand experience of the unwillingness of the Spaniards to help. Wintour told Fawkes of their plan to doe some whatt in Ingland if the pece with Spaine healped us nott,3 and thus in April 1. England. 1. 7 Wintours news did not surprise Catesby despite positive noises from the Spanish authorities, he feared that the deeds would nott answere. gOne of the conspirators, Thomas Percy, was promoted in June 1. London that belonged to John Whynniard, Keeper of the Kings Wardrobe. Fawkes was installed as a caretaker and began using the pseudonym John Johnson, servant to Percy. The contemporaneous account of the prosecution taken from Thomas Wintours confession2. Whynniards house to Parliament, although this story may have been a government fabrication no evidence for the existence of a tunnel was presented by the prosecution, and no trace of one has ever been found Fawkes himself did not admit the existence of such a scheme until his fifth interrogation, but even then he could not locate the tunnel. If the story is true, however, by December 1. House of Lords. They ceased their efforts when, during tunnelling, they heard a noise from above.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
November 2017
Categories |